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Dyes in History and Archaeology 20:127–135 Anal Chem 57:1514A–1522AĬooksey CJ, Sinclair RS (2005) Colour variations in Tyrian purple dyeing. McGovern PE, Michel RH (1985) Royal purple dye: tracing the chemical origins of the industry. Dyes in History and Archaeology 21:17–25īruni S, Guglielmi V, Pozzi F (2010) Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on silver colloids for the identification of ancient textile dyes: Tyrian purple and madder. Hofmann-de Keijzer R, van Bommel MR (2008) Dyestuff analysis of two textile fragments from late antiquity. Les Editions d'Art et d'Histoire, Paris, p. Pfister R (1937) Nouveaux textiles de Palmyre. Van Alphen J (1944) Remarks on the action of light on several substances, most of them containing halogen, in particular several indigo dyes, in a reducing medium. J Text I 102:87–92ĭriessen LA (1944) Über eine charakteristische Reaktion des antiken Purpurs auf der Faser. Dyes Pigments 117:37–48īaig GA (2011) Indigo dyeing of polyester (PET) – pH effects. Ramig K, Lavinda O, Szalda DJ, Mironova I, Karimi S, Pozzi F, Shah N, Samson J, Ajiki H, Massa L, Mantzouris D, Karapanagiotis I, Cooksey C (2015) The nature of thermochromic effects in dyeings with indigo, 6-bromoindigo, and 6,6′-dibromoindigo, components of Tyrian purple.

Lavinda O, Mironova I, Karimi S, Pozzi F, Samson J, Ajiki H, Massa L, Ramig K (2013) Singular thermochromic effects in dyeings with indigo, 6-bromoindigo, and 6,6'-dibromoindigo. This is postulated to be due to attractive electrostatic interactions between the leuco form of 6-bromoindigo and wool. the leuco forms of indigo and 6,6′-dibromoindigo has the strongest affinity for wool fabric. Quantitative HPLC analysis of extracts from the dyed fabrics indicates that the leuco form of 6-bromoindigo vs. This information allowed development of a dyeing procedure which is demonstrated to give consistent colors through two passes. The extent of debromination is dependent upon the pH of the dye bath and also the source of the visible light. A dyeing run using 6-bromoindigo alone is found to yield a dyed fabric containing large amounts of indigo, when the vat is exposed to visible light. For the first time, visible light is identified conclusively as a cause of debromination of the leuco form of 6-bromoindigo. Quantitative HPLC and colorimetry are used to study color variations in dyeings with indigo, 6-bromoindigo, and 6,6′-dibromoindigo, the main components of the historic dye Tyrian purple.

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